Academic Libraries and 2.0
Right from the start, there has been a reason why I've maintained a blog about Library 2.0 from the perspective of an academic librarian.
Over the months of blogging, and reading other librarian blogs, I've learned a lot about attitudes toward Library 2.0. I've seen the very notion of Library 2.0 called into question by other academic librarians. Is it valuable? Has it done more harm than good? Should it have a label? Has much been accomplished that's worthwhile? Does it have a future? Is it over already, please?
From everything I've read (admittedly a small portion of the biblioblogosphere), I've found something to be missing: thoughts about what makes Library 2.0 different for academic libraries than other types of libraries. Since starting this blog, I've been developing my ideas about this. I've articulated my thoughts in various ways, but here I want to present my current thinking head-on.
Ironically, I've been helped in this attempt by a statement by another blogger with which I disagree. This appeared in an August 15 posting by Ryan Deschamps, e-Learning Services Manager at the Halifax Public Libraries in Canada. In this posting, We Asked for 2.0 Libraries and Got 2.0 Librarians, Ryan says the following:
Ryan then goes on to say, "This doesn’t mean that librarians should be on the 'late adopter' side of the curve, however."
Nitpicking, in my view. If librarians have changed and their institutions have not, what have we really accomplished? And actually, I'm not chagrinned in the least. In fact, I'm inspired to make my case as an academic librarian. I think Ryan is overstating things by referring to "libraries" as if all of them follow the same mission. His sentiment may well be relevant to public libraries. I'll leave that to public librarians to decide. In my view, what he says is not workable in an academic library setting. This is a great jumping-off point for what I want to say.
The roles of academic librarians include, very importantly, educational and leadership roles. These roles can be manifested formally, in teachable moments, and also by the library environment itself. It's our mission to support students and faculty in their academic pursuits. This means seeking out and supporting the profound changes in the way research and sholarship are pursued in a rapidly-evolving 2.0 culture. In order to accomplish this, we librarians and our institutions need to move along together.
Related to our roles in a 2.0 world, we are:
- instructors about society's information environment
- role models in creating an optimal information environment for research and our ease with using it
- experts in supporting scholars in their research
- professionals who study and teach best practices in the research process
- keepers of the flame of scholarly communication
- purveyors of services in a modern information environment
- champions of a democratic information culture
- conservators of our institutions' history, including the artifacts of their 2.0 history
All of this argues for early adoption of Library 2.0 in academic libraries. As Society 2.0 (Ryan's term) emerges - and it's doing exactly that - we need to be ahead fo the curve for our faculty and students. Society 2.0 is becoming their world, and they need to engage in it now.
Educators who overly depend on the past, cling to the comfort zone of the present, and attempt to hold off the future until it's good and ready, are not the kind of educators we need to be.
To put this another way, we academic librarians have dual roles. We need to be with our users and also ahead of them.
To be with our users, we conduct assessment to give users the resources and services that they need and want. To be ahead of our users, we take on the role of educators. An educator inspires, stretches boundaries, prepares students for the future. We can do this not only in what we do, but in the environment we provide. A primarily 1.0 library environment for users who will live in a 2.0 world is a failed scenario.
For the most part, academic libraries have achieved toe-in-the-water Library 2.0. This is not at all a bad thing. It's been a slow start, but a decent one, and I see signs of a growing momentum. It's not hard to find examples of blogs (including course blogs), wikis (including course wikis), chat reference, outreach in Web 2.0 spaces, a growing use of RSS, widgets on our sites, library resources in our campus portals and course management spaces, a few OPAC experiments, and so on. All of these are very positive achievements.
These achievements have opened the door. The next steps will shift paradigms to a much greater degree. For example:
Foundational 2.0 Web spaces. By foundational, I mean that the sites are based on 2.0, rather than 2.0 being tacked on to existing 1.0 spaces. Such spaces would be participatory, conversational, wikified, blogified, visualized, data aggregated, contextually helpful, relevancy ranked, faceted searchable, and taggable, among other things.
XML data formats for export. Our data, including that on our public Web sites, need to be in XML format for reuse and distribution in a wide variety of enviroments both on campus and off.
XML data for import. Our sites are often exemplary about linking out to content, but do little about bringing content in. For example, RSS imports can transform our sites into current awareness tools.
Advocacy for, sponsorship of, and instruction in social scholarship.
Librarian presence at point of need. We are still primarily embedded in our own spaces. It doesn't help much that currently popular social spaces, such as Facebook, are hostile to librarian outreach.
All of this is Library 2.0. We're in the early stages. Some of my greatest concerns continue to be those of scale, of leadership, of skills, of priorities. I hope we can overcome these barriers and launch ourselves into the Library 2.0 scenario that our users deserve.

Comments
I guess if you say that scale, leadership, skills and priorities are the current barriers to Library 2.0, than I think we are in agreement on at least this point. Library 2.0 seems to be empirically (and perhaps necessarily) preceded by Librarian 2.0.
Perhaps where we disagree is that I see the stalling of significant changes to library services due to Library 2.0 as largely environmental. While facebook (eg.) environment makes sense in a social space, libraries as social space is something that is going to take a lot of grooming to be accepted.
The focus on the librarian as educator seems to support my point. Changing hearts may in fact be easier (though it seems hard at times) than changing spaces -- even virtual ones.
Posted by: Ryan Deschamps | August 29, 2007 10:57 PM
Ryan, many thanks for your comment. Overall, I was heartened by your post. It was your paragraph about waiting for Society 2.0 that struck me as inapplicable to academic librarianship. This statement did help me to clarify my thoughts - or at least attempt to!
I agree that libraries as social spaces will take a lot of work. My concern from reading your post was that librarians might come to believe that Librarian 2.0 is Library 2.0.
Whenever you seek to transform an environment, the people who will potentially do the transforming need to be changed in their thinking first. This seems to me self-evident, and hardly limited to Library 2.0.
So I don't see a disjunction between Librarian 2.0 and Library 2.0. This is the point I was attempting to make in my post. We're in the midst of a process. For academic librarians to succeed in their role as educators, the provision of a 2.0 environment is an integral part of their mission. The environment is the education. The fact that there are barriers does not remove this from the equation.
This is an interesting discussion, and I appreciate your participation.
Posted by: Laura Cohen | August 30, 2007 08:36 AM
I agree entirely with your(Laura's) view. Libraries have always been a social space. That social space is now being extended to cyberspace becuase of Web 2.0 and Library 2.0. Libraries must be ahead of society in general. I actaully think that "Society 2.0" is already here and libraries are actullay playing catchup in many ways.
Posted by: Bill Drew | August 30, 2007 11:42 AM
Bill, nicely said.
Posted by: Laura Cohen | August 30, 2007 12:09 PM
Another very interesting post! I totally agree with you, Laura – our job is to educate our users, be they the general public or students, and we can only do this by staying ahead of the game, making sure we fully understand these new technologies ourselves and their potential, and then showing our users ways in which the technology can enrich their experience of the library.
One of the thoughts I have about Library 2.0 in academic libraries, at least here in the UK, is that maybe there is the potential that academic libraries could lag a bit behind public libraries, since some people may have the perception that we don’t have to try so hard to encourage new users through the door with new services, as with public libraries, so maybe we can just let the public libraries get involved in all these new technologies, and our students will just have to accept the services we offer. This, in my opinion, is wrong – we should continually strive to enrich our students’ experience of our services, and find new ways in which we could improve these services and encourage their use.
I think it’s a modern requirement of our job to understand new ways of doing things, such as using Web 2.0 technologies, so that we can think about appropriate ways of harnessing these new ideas to make life easier for our users – if not us in the library world, then who? We cannot wait ‘til these ideas take hold in society generally before we adopt them – we should be the ones spreading the ideas in society! In my view, it would be a missed opportunity to just sit back and wait to see what ‘takes off’ – we should be taking a lead and provide different examples and ideas of how to employ these new services to solve various problems, after all, we should be the ones to know what problems need solving and therefore what solutions are needed. The users will soon decide which ideas they find useful and which not – that’s where the democracy comes in. We must grab this great opportunity to show that we can be technologically savvy and can provide interesting and exciting answers to problems, rather than resorting to type and always giving the impression that we’re not really that comfortable with all this new technology.
If all this sounds a bit woolly, let me give you a concrete example. Our IT department have just released the next version of Internet Explorer : 7. This version, as you probably know, contains new functionality making it easier to find and store RSS feeds – a Web 2.0 idea. Most of our students probably haven’t heard of RSS or may not see the use to their studies, so who’s going to educate them – the IT department? They consider their job is to provide the software and solve any problems with it, not to show users how to get the contents page of the latest edition of a journal via RSS! Surely this should be where we come in, especially in an academic environment. We should be publicising what the software can do, and provide different ideas of how users could use it to enhance their studies, such as saving feeds from particular journals, feeds from specific searches, etc. To do this, we have to understand RSS ourselves first, and thus we must stay informed in these areas. Every time we just shrug our shoulders and point the students in the direction of IT when they ask us what that orange icon on the toolbar does, we are missing an opportunity to break that library stereotype, and if we just wait ‘til RSS takes off among our users, we are depriving them and ourselves of using a really useful tool, and any potential other uses that we or they might think of for using it, while we wait for someone else to teach them.
Posted by: Lindsay | August 31, 2007 09:51 AM
Lindsay, Thanks for your insightful comment. You could have written this post for me!
Your example about RSS reminds me of something I've been thinking about lately. Back about a decade ago, the staff in my library offered instruction classes about using the Web. Back then, we encountered students who barely knew how to use a mouse. So we taught them. We librarians were already comfortable with mice. In other words, we were ahead of the game then. We were the only place on campus where a student could come to learn how to use a mouse. I see the newer information technologies in the same light. I couldn't agree with you more on this point.
I also agree that academics might lag behind public librarians because they feel they have a captive audience on campus. I've actually blogged about this. My view is, our audience is not captive. Our users have choices now and can bypass us if they want. We need to attract users by proving our relevance. Sitting back will not serve us well.
Posted by: Laura Cohen | August 31, 2007 11:55 AM
Laura (and Bill),
I think our opinions are fairly close, and, as Laura already mentioned, some of the differences have to do with the differences between public and academic libraries.
If anything, my Library/Librarian 2.0 post was a lament on the lukewarm success of many Library 2.0 initiatives. I guess I was trying to say "Be patient. It will come. Librarians are changing; eventually the systems will come with it."
In the public sphere, libraries are still ahead of the game, despite Bill's "catching up" comment. While there are alot of tech-savy customers out there, I have yet to get a comment asking for RSS feeds. That doesn't mean they don't want them or we shouldn't provide them, but it does mean that society doesn't connect core library services with social software.
And, taking Bill's point about social spaces to heart, I would like to change what I said a little bit. It's not that libraries aren't ideal social spaces, it's that people do not yet make the connection between libraries and social softwares. It's not yet natural for people to think "libraries are the ideal place to take my Facebook use to the next level." They use our computers to get on Facebook, but they don't (yet) expect us to be able to recommend good applications to add to their profile.
In the end, I believe the human interest, the social component that society 2.0 will be interested in will have to include librarians. YouTube is a good example. Ninja librarian is more interesting to the Web 2.0 world than a one-angle taping of storytime at the local library. Libraries could change this, but the skill-set is not in knowing how to YouTube, but in how to create a film. And film-creation is not a skill that the public expects librarians to have. Follow the same logic with Facebook application development. Accepting librarians as web developers is another rather foreign concept. If our vendors. . . (ok. I won't go there, but I think you can follow my point). And continue the logic to radio announcement (podcasting), professional photography (Flickr), competitive videogaming (Wii) and matchmaking (Second Life). While this may sound a bit Gorman-ish, there is a risk here in that we will take on all these activities and not be able to describe succinctly what it is that make libraries valuable to society.
The public does not want to see us getting into such things as film creation at the cost of our core services -- namely 1) helping them get their homework done and 2) having lots of books (and other resources) available for them to read. While libraries need a face in the online world, we also have to consider what our clientele expects from us. Until our patrons begin to expect us to have Facebook accounts, library 2.0 is going to be a slow-moving process.
In short, it's still hard to find the solid ground for library 2.0 services. That doesn't mean we shouldn't try. The adaptation strategy, therefore, has become 1) learn as much as we can 2) experiment and play with new technologies 3) discover how these technologies help us engage our own interests (eg. film) and act individually on those desires & 4) pilot the services that make the most sense in the local situation for our respective libraries.
Posted by: Ryan | September 4, 2007 10:07 AM
Ryan, I would never accuse you of being "Gorman-ish"!
Thanks for your clarifications. As I pointed out in my posting, I believe that academic librarians have two roles to play, one that is expected of users and one that is not. It's the latter role that I think is critical for my colleagues. Taking your RSS example (and we seem to agree on this), the students on my campus may not be asking for it, but there are many services we can provide with RSS-enabled data that it's a good bet would benefit them.
This is why I'm beginning to evolve in my thinking about the issue of assessment and what it consists of. The components of self-assessment and environmental scan are really important parts of assessment.
Thanks for continuing to make me think!
Posted by: Laura Cohen | September 4, 2007 01:35 PM